Golf is a game that requires precision and accuracy, especially when it comes to chipping around the green. Mastering the art of chipping can mean the difference between a par and a bogey. But with so many different techniques and tips out there, it can be difficult to know where to start. In this article, we’ll explore the best ways to chip around the green, with expert advice and proven techniques to help you improve your game. From the setup to the swing, we’ll cover everything you need to know to become a master of chipping. So, whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro, read on to discover the secrets to successful chipping around the green.

Understanding the Importance of Chipping Around the Green

The Role of Chipping in Golf

In golf, chipping refers to the process of hitting a golf ball from a distance of close to the green towards the hole. It is one of the most critical aspects of the game, as it determines the golfer’s ability to control the ball’s trajectory and direction. The role of chipping in golf is significant as it helps the golfer to avoid hazards, reach the green, and eventually, sink the ball into the hole.

Effective chipping skills require the golfer to have a solid understanding of the different types of chips, such as flop shots, pitch shots, and bunker shots. Each type of chip requires a specific technique and a well-executed shot can lead to a lower score. Additionally, the golfer must have a good understanding of the different types of golf clubs and balls used for chipping, as well as the right stance, grip, and swing technique.

Moreover, chipping around the green requires the golfer to be aware of the different types of lies, such as fairway, rough, and bunker lies, and how to adapt their technique accordingly. It also involves knowing how to handle different types of weather conditions, such as wind and rain, which can significantly affect the ball’s trajectory and roll.

In summary, chipping is a crucial aspect of golf that requires a combination of technique, knowledge, and practice to master. A golfer who has mastered the art of chipping around the green will have a significant advantage over their opponents and will be better equipped to score well.

Why Accuracy Matters Around the Green

  • In golf, accuracy is crucial, especially when it comes to chipping around the green.
  • The green is where a golfer’s score can make or break their game, and accurate chipping can make all the difference.
  • When chipping around the green, the goal is to get the ball as close to the hole as possible, without risking a shot that could lead to a bogey or worse.
  • A well-executed chip shot can save a golfer from a difficult situation, such as a buried lie or a steep slope, and give them a chance to salvage par or even make birdie.
  • However, a poorly executed chip shot can lead to a missed green, a long putt, or even a lost ball, which can quickly add up to a high score.
  • Therefore, it is essential for golfers to master the art of chipping around the green and develop the skills and techniques necessary to hit accurate shots.
  • With practice and patience, any golfer can improve their chipping skills and become a more consistent and accurate player on the green.

The Consequences of Inaccurate Chipping

Inaccurate chipping around the green can lead to a variety of consequences that can negatively impact your score. These consequences include:

  • Missed Green: The most obvious consequence of inaccurate chipping is missing the green entirely. This can result in a lost stroke or even a lost ball, which can quickly add up to a high score.
  • Lost Strokes: Even if you manage to get the ball onto the green, inaccurate chipping can result in lost strokes due to difficulty getting the ball close to the hole. This can be particularly frustrating if you have a good shot into the green but then struggle to get the ball close to the hole.
  • Penalty Strokes: In some cases, inaccurate chipping can result in penalty strokes due to rules violations. For example, if you chip the ball out of a hazard or onto a wrong green, you may incur a penalty stroke.
  • Damage to Equipment: Finally, inaccurate chipping can also result in damage to your equipment. If you chip the ball with a sharp impact, you may damage your clubface or shaft, which can affect your performance on future shots.

Overall, the consequences of inaccurate chipping can be significant, which is why it’s important to master the art of chipping around the green. By improving your chipping skills, you can avoid these consequences and improve your overall score.

Developing a Solid Chipping Technique

Key takeaway:

Pre-Shot Routine

A solid pre-shot routine is essential for successful chipping around the green. It helps you to focus, calm your nerves, and prepare yourself for the shot. Here are some key elements to include in your pre-shot routine:

  • Choose the right club: Select a club that will allow you to reach the green while keeping the ball below the hole.
  • Check the wind: Take a moment to assess the wind conditions and adjust your shot accordingly.
  • Check the lie: Look at the condition of the turf and adjust your stance and swing accordingly.
  • Visualize the shot: Close your eyes and imagine the ball flying towards the hole. This will help you to mentally prepare for the shot.
  • Take a deep breath: Take a deep breath and exhale slowly to calm your nerves and steady your hands.
  • Assume your stance: Stand behind the ball and assume your stance, making sure your feet are shoulder-width apart and your weight is evenly distributed on both feet.
  • Address the ball: Place the ball in the center of your stance and take a moment to align your body and the clubface with the target.
  • Set your swing: Decide on the speed and power of your swing, and make any necessary adjustments to your grip or stance.
  • Swing: Execute your swing, using a smooth, rhythmic motion to strike the ball cleanly and send it flying towards the hole.

Grip and Stance

When it comes to mastering the art of chipping around the green, one of the most crucial elements to consider is your grip and stance. Your grip refers to how you hold the golf club, while your stance refers to your body position during the swing. Both of these factors play a significant role in determining the accuracy and power of your chip shots.

Grip

The grip is the first thing to consider when developing a solid chipping technique. A good grip should be comfortable and allow for maximum control over the club. To achieve this, start by placing your hands on the golf club in a neutral position, with your palms facing each other. Then, position your hands so that your left hand (for right-handed golfers) is slightly ahead of your right hand. This will help you maintain control over the club during the swing.

It’s also important to pay attention to your grip pressure. Grip the club too tightly, and you may struggle to control your shots. Grip it too loosely, and you may lose control over the club during the swing. Aim for a firm, but not overly tight, grip on the club.

Stance

Your stance is another crucial element of your chipping technique. A good stance will help you maintain balance and control during the swing, allowing you to make accurate and powerful shots. To achieve a good stance, start by standing with your feet shoulder-width apart. Then, lean forward slightly from the hips, allowing your weight to shift towards your toes. This will help you maintain balance and control during the swing.

It’s also important to pay attention to your body position during the swing. Keep your shoulders square to the target, and avoid leaning back or forward. Instead, focus on maintaining a smooth, rhythmic swing that allows you to control the club and make accurate shots.

By paying attention to your grip and stance, you can develop a solid chipping technique that will help you make accurate and powerful shots around the green.

Body Positioning and Alignment

When it comes to chipping around the green, body positioning and alignment are crucial elements that can greatly impact the accuracy and distance of your shots. Here are some expert tips to help you develop a solid body positioning and alignment for your chipping technique:

Standing Position

  • Stand behind the ball with your feet shoulder-width apart, pointing slightly towards the target.
  • Make sure your weight is evenly distributed on both feet, with your knees slightly bent for balance.
  • Keep your body upright, avoiding any leaning or twisting movements that can throw off your alignment.

Ball Position

  • Place the ball in the center of your stance, between your feet.
  • Ensure that the ball is positioned at the front of your stance for a higher, more controlled shot, or towards the back of your stance for a lower, more aggressive shot.

Alignment

  • Position your feet, shoulders, and hips parallel to the target line.
  • Align your shoulders, not your eyes, with the target.
  • Place your hands ahead of the ball, with your clubface square to the target.

Maintaining a Smooth Swing

  • Use a smooth, rhythmic motion to swing the club, keeping your wrists firm and your elbows locked.
  • Avoid any sudden movements or jerky swings that can lead to mishits and errant shots.
  • Make sure to keep your head still and your eyes focused on the target throughout the swing.

By focusing on proper body positioning and alignment, you can develop a solid chipping technique that will help you hit accurate and consistent shots around the green. Remember to practice these tips on the driving range and to make adjustments based on the conditions and distance of each shot.

The Swing Itself

The swing itself is a crucial aspect of mastering the art of chipping around the green. To achieve a successful chip shot, golfers must focus on maintaining control over the clubhead throughout the swing. This section will delve into the key elements of the swing, including the grip, stance, and shoulder turn, to help golfers develop a solid chipping technique.

  • Grip: A firm but relaxed grip is essential for a controlled chip shot. Golfers should place their hands on the club in a way that allows them to maintain a neutral grip, with the palms facing each other and the thumbs resting against the index fingers. This grip promotes a smooth and consistent swing, ensuring that the clubhead travels along the intended path.
  • Stance: Golfers should position themselves with their feet shoulder-width apart, providing a stable base for the swing. The ball of the foot should be placed behind the center of the stance, allowing for a smooth transition from address to the top of the backswing. This stance also promotes a balanced weight distribution, enabling golfers to make proper use of their lower body during the swing.
  • Shoulder Turn: A proper shoulder turn is crucial for generating power and control in the chip shot. Golfers should turn their shoulders slightly, allowing for a free and unrestricted arm swing. This shoulder turn promotes a smooth transfer of power from the upper body to the arms and clubhead, enabling golfers to achieve the desired distance and trajectory in their chips.

By focusing on these key elements of the swing—grip, stance, and shoulder turn—golfers can develop a solid chipping technique that will help them master the art of chipping around the green.

Finishing the Shot

Having mastered the technique of chipping, it is essential to understand how to finish the shot correctly. A successful chip shot is not just about getting the ball to land on the green, but also about stopping it within the right distance from the hole. Here are some expert tips to help you finish your chip shots with precision:

  1. Use the right equipment: The right equipment can make a significant difference in how you finish your chip shots. It is essential to use a golf club with a loft that matches the shot’s degree. Additionally, using a golf ball with the right spin rate can help you control the distance and direction of the shot.
  2. Focus on your body position: Your body position is critical when finishing a chip shot. You should be standing with your feet shoulder-width apart, with your weight evenly distributed on both feet. Your knees should be slightly bent, and your hands should be ahead of the ball. This position allows you to make a smooth swing and maintain control over the shot.
  3. Swing with a smooth motion: The swing is the most critical aspect of finishing a chip shot. You should swing the club in a smooth motion, keeping your arms extended throughout the shot. Avoid using your arms to lift the club, as this can cause the ball to balloon and lose distance. Instead, focus on making a smooth, fluid motion that ends with the clubhead passing the ball.
  4. Control the distance: One of the most critical aspects of finishing a chip shot is controlling the distance. You should aim to land the ball within 10-15 yards of the hole, depending on the situation. To control the distance, adjust your body position and swing speed. You can also use your feet to control the distance by adjusting your stance and swing path.
  5. Pay attention to the wind: Wind can significantly affect the distance and direction of a chip shot. You should pay attention to the wind direction and strength and adjust your shot accordingly. For example, if the wind is blowing towards the hole, you may need to use a lighter grip and swing slower to avoid the ball being blown past the hole.

By following these expert tips, you can learn to finish your chip shots with precision and control. Remember that practice is key, so take the time to hone your skills on the practice green before moving on to the course.

Strategies for Chipping Around the Green

Reading the Greens

Mastering the art of chipping around the green requires a thorough understanding of how the golf ball interacts with the turf and the various types of grasses found on the course. Reading the greens is a crucial aspect of this process, as it allows golfers to anticipate the ball’s behavior and adjust their technique accordingly.

Here are some expert tips for reading the greens:

  • Observe the grass: Different types of grass have different textures and colors, which can provide clues about the speed and direction of the green. For example, a green with a bright, emerald hue may indicate that it is well-watered and fast, while a green with a brown or yellow tint may indicate that it is dry and slow.
  • Look for slope: The angle of the slope can also affect the speed and direction of the ball. Golfers should look for changes in elevation and the direction of the slope to determine the best approach to the green.
  • Study the breaks: The shape of the green can also affect the ball’s path. Golfers should pay attention to the contours of the green and look for areas where the grass is slightly higher or lower, as these can indicate the location of breaks in the green.
  • Take into account the wind: The wind can also play a significant role in the ball’s behavior on the green. Golfers should take into account the direction and strength of the wind when reading the greens and adjust their approach accordingly.

By using these expert tips, golfers can improve their ability to read the greens and make more accurate shots around the green.

Choosing the Right Club

Selecting the appropriate club is crucial when chipping around the green. Golfers should consider the following factors when making their choice:

  • Shot distance: Choose a club that will allow the golfer to control the distance of the shot, without sacrificing accuracy. A good rule of thumb is to use a club that allows the golfer to hit the ball no more than one-third of the distance to the hole.
  • Clubhead speed: Select a club that allows the golfer to control the clubhead speed, ensuring that the ball is struck with enough force to reach the green but not so much that it leads to a mis-hit.
  • Lob or pitching wedge: A lob or pitching wedge is generally the best choice for chipping around the green. These clubs have a higher degree of loft, which helps the ball to stop quickly on the green.
  • Bounce: The bounce of the club is also an important factor. Golfers should choose a club with a lower bounce for tight lies and a higher bounce for looser lies.
  • Shaft flex: A shaft with a lower flex is better for full shots, while a higher flex is better for chipping and pitching.
  • Length: Choose a club that allows the golfer to maintain proper posture and balance throughout the swing.

By taking these factors into account, golfers can select the best club for their chipping needs and improve their accuracy and distance control around the green.

Adjusting Your Technique for Different Lies

  • One of the most crucial aspects of mastering the art of chipping around the green is the ability to adjust your technique for different lies. Golfers often struggle with this aspect of the game, as the ball can be in various positions, and each shot requires a different approach.
  • When faced with a chip shot, the first thing to consider is the ball’s position relative to your body. If the ball is closer to your feet, you’ll need to use a more shallow angle of attack, while if it’s farther away, you’ll need to use a steeper angle.
  • Another factor to consider is the type of grass you’re playing on. For example, if you’re playing on a tight, bare lie, you’ll need to use a different technique than if you’re playing on a thick, wet lie.
  • Additionally, the slope of the green can also impact your approach. If the green is sloping away from you, you’ll need to use a more shallow angle of attack to keep the ball from rolling off the green. On the other hand, if the green is sloping towards you, you’ll need to use a steeper angle to get the ball to stop close to the hole.
  • In conclusion, mastering the art of chipping around the green requires the ability to adjust your technique for different lies. By considering factors such as the ball’s position, grass type, and slope of the green, golfers can develop a more versatile and effective chipping game.

Managing Your Emotions on the Course

Chipping around the green can be a nerve-wracking experience for golfers, especially when under pressure to perform well. Managing your emotions on the course is crucial to your success, and here are some expert tips to help you stay calm and focused:

  • Take deep breaths: Take a moment to compose yourself and take a few deep breaths. This will help slow down your heart rate and clear your mind, allowing you to focus on the shot at hand.
  • Visualize your shot: Close your eyes and visualize the shot you want to make. See the ball flying towards the hole, and feel the satisfaction of a successful shot. This will help you stay positive and confident.
  • Stay in the present: Don’t dwell on past mistakes or worry about future outcomes. Stay focused on the present moment and the shot at hand. This will help you stay in the zone and perform at your best.
  • Use positive self-talk: Talk to yourself in a positive and supportive manner. Encourage yourself and remind yourself of your strengths and abilities. This will help boost your confidence and motivation.
  • Stay hydrated: Dehydration can cause fatigue, dizziness, and other physical symptoms that can affect your performance on the course. Make sure to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the round.

By managing your emotions on the course, you can improve your focus, confidence, and overall performance. So next time you’re on the green, take a deep breath, visualize your shot, and stay in the present moment.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Chipping Around the Green

Rushing the Shot

One of the most common mistakes golfers make when chipping around the green is rushing the shot. This can lead to a variety of problems, including thin shots, fat shots, and shots that fly over the green. To avoid rushing the shot, it’s important to take a slow and steady approach. Here are some tips to help you avoid this mistake:

  • Take a deep breath and focus on your breathing before you make your shot. This will help you stay calm and focused.
  • Use a slower swing speed, especially if you’re using a lower lofted club. This will help you keep the ball on the green and avoid over-hitting it.
  • Pay attention to your body position and posture. Make sure you’re standing tall and keeping your weight evenly distributed on both feet. This will help you maintain balance and control throughout the shot.
  • Use a controlled, abbreviated backswing. This will help you maintain control and avoid rushing the shot.
  • Practice your chipping technique regularly, especially on the practice green. This will help you develop muscle memory and improve your overall feel for the shot.

Overthinking

One of the most common mistakes golfers make when chipping around the green is overthinking. It’s essential to keep your thoughts and movements simple and smooth during this part of the game. Here are some tips to help you avoid overthinking when chipping:

  • Focus on your breathing: Take a deep breath before making your shot, and try to maintain a steady breathing pattern throughout the swing. This can help you stay calm and focused.
  • Keep your swing simple: Don’t try to hit the ball too hard or use an elaborate swing. Instead, focus on making a smooth, controlled motion that will send the ball toward the target.
  • Trust your instincts: If you’ve practiced your chipping technique and feel confident in your ability, trust your instincts and let your body take over. Don’t overanalyze or second-guess yourself.
  • Use visualization techniques: Visualize the shot you want to make, and try to mentally rehearse the swing in your mind. This can help you stay focused and avoid overthinking.
  • Practice, practice, practice: The more you practice your chipping technique, the more comfortable and confident you’ll become. This will help you avoid overthinking and make more consistent shots.

Not Using the Bunker Rule

When chipping around the green, one common mistake that golfers often make is not using the bunker rule. This rule, also known as the “winter rule,” allows golfers to take a preferred lie in certain areas of the course, including around the green. This means that if a golfer’s ball comes to rest in a bunker or other area with difficult terrain, they can take their shot from a more favorable position, such as a flat area of sand or grass.

However, it’s important to note that the bunker rule only applies in certain situations, and golfers must be aware of when they are allowed to use it. For example, the rule may not apply if the ball is in a hazard or if the golfer is playing in a tournament with specific rules.

Additionally, using the bunker rule correctly requires a good understanding of the rules of golf and the specific terms of the bunker rule. Golfers should familiarize themselves with the rule and practice using it in practice rounds or on the driving range to ensure that they understand how to use it correctly in a real game situation.

Overall, using the bunker rule can be a valuable tool for golfers looking to improve their chipping around the green. By taking a preferred lie, golfers can avoid difficult terrain and increase their chances of making a successful shot. However, it’s important to understand when and how to use the rule correctly to avoid any penalties or other issues on the course.

Swinging Too Hard

One of the most common mistakes golfers make when chipping around the green is swinging too hard. It’s understandable that the desire to get the ball into the hole as quickly as possible can lead to an over-aggressive swing, but this is a surefire way to send the ball flying over the green. Instead, it’s important to take a more controlled, measured approach to your chip shots. Here are some expert tips to help you avoid the mistake of swinging too hard:

  • Use a shorter, more controlled swing: Instead of using a full, powerful swing like you would for a longer shot, take a shorter, more controlled swing when chipping around the green. This will help you keep the ball on the ground and within putting range.
  • Focus on accuracy over distance: While it’s important to get the ball close to the hole, it’s even more important to keep it on the green. So, rather than trying to hit the ball as far as possible, focus on accuracy and aim for the center of the green.
  • Adjust your grip: A looser grip can help you control your swing and prevent you from swinging too hard. Experiment with different grip pressures to find what works best for you.
  • Practice your chipping technique: Like any skill, chipping around the green requires practice. Take the time to practice your chipping technique on the practice green or in a quiet area of the course. Pay attention to your swing, aim, and body positioning to ensure you’re not swinging too hard.

Not Practicing Proper Chipping Technique

When it comes to chipping around the green, one of the most common mistakes that golfers make is not practicing proper chipping technique. Many golfers tend to rely on their instincts and try to hit the ball too hard, resulting in poor contact and inaccurate shots. This can lead to frustration and a loss of confidence on the course.

To avoid this mistake, it’s important to practice proper chipping technique regularly. This includes using the correct grip, stance, and swing motion, as well as paying attention to the ball position and distance from the hole. By taking the time to practice and master the basics of chipping, golfers can improve their accuracy and consistency around the green, leading to more successful shots and lower scores.

Recap of Key Points

  • One of the most common mistakes golfers make when chipping around the green is not using the proper grip. A weak or limp grip can lead to a lack of control and accuracy when making contact with the ball.
  • Another mistake to avoid is not paying attention to the ball’s position. Golfers should take note of the ball’s location and adjust their aim accordingly to avoid hitting it in an unintended direction.
  • Many golfers also struggle with controlling their distance when chipping around the green. It’s important to practice different shot distances to ensure that you can accurately control the distance of your shots.
  • Finally, not paying attention to the green’s slope and not adjusting your shot accordingly can lead to missed shots or shots that roll off the green. Taking the time to analyze the green’s slope and adjusting your shot can make a big difference in the outcome of your shot.

The Importance of Continuous Improvement

Continuous improvement is crucial when it comes to mastering the art of chipping around the green. It’s essential to recognize that every golfer has room for improvement, regardless of their skill level. Here are some reasons why continuous improvement is crucial when chipping around the green:

  • Identifying weaknesses: Continuous improvement allows golfers to identify their weaknesses and work on them. By paying attention to their swings and taking note of where they struggle, golfers can focus on those areas and make progress.
  • Developing a consistent swing: A consistent swing is essential for accurate chipping. Continuous improvement helps golfers develop a repeatable swing that produces consistent results. This consistency is particularly important when trying to hit accurate shots in and around the green.
  • Increasing confidence: Continuous improvement can help golfers build confidence in their chipping ability. As they identify and work on their weaknesses, they’ll begin to see improvement. This improvement can boost their confidence, leading to better performance on the course.
  • Staying motivated: Continuous improvement is a great way to stay motivated. When golfers see progress, they’re more likely to continue working on their chipping skills. This motivation can help them stay focused and committed to improving their game.

In summary, continuous improvement is essential for mastering the art of chipping around the green. By identifying weaknesses, developing a consistent swing, increasing confidence, and staying motivated, golfers can make steady progress and improve their performance on the course.

Embracing the Challenge of Chipping Around the Green

When it comes to chipping around the green, many golfers find it to be one of the most challenging aspects of the game. It requires a delicate balance of power and precision, as well as a deep understanding of the mechanics of the swing. However, by embracing the challenge and committing to the process of improvement, golfers can develop the skills necessary to excel in this area.

Here are some tips to help you embrace the challenge of chipping around the green:

  1. Start with the basics: Before attempting to tackle more difficult shots, make sure you have a solid understanding of the fundamentals. This includes grip, stance, and ball position.
  2. Practice regularly: As with any aspect of golf, consistent practice is key to improvement. Set aside time each week to work on your chipping skills, and make sure to vary your practice routine to keep things interesting.
  3. Focus on form: While power is important in chipping, it’s also crucial to maintain good form in order to ensure accuracy. Pay close attention to your body positioning and swing mechanics, and make adjustments as needed.
  4. Learn from your mistakes: Don’t be afraid to experiment with different techniques and strategies, but be sure to learn from your mistakes as well. Pay attention to what works and what doesn’t, and adjust your approach accordingly.
  5. Stay positive: Golf can be a frustrating game, but it’s important to stay positive and maintain a growth mindset when it comes to chipping around the green. Remember that improvement takes time and effort, and that every shot is an opportunity to learn and grow.

FAQs

1. What is the best way to chip around the green?

Answer:

The best way to chip around the green depends on several factors, including the distance of the shot, the lie of the ball, and the condition of the turf. However, a few general tips include using a lofted club, playing the ball back in your stance, and using a controlled, abbreviated swing. It’s also important to focus on making solid contact with the ball, rather than trying to manipulate the shot too much.

2. How should I adjust my technique for different types of lies around the green?

The type of lie you’re facing around the green can significantly impact your chipping technique. For example, if the ball is sitting in a tight lie, you may need to use a lower lofted club and make a more aggressive swing to get the ball airborne. If the ball is in a softer lie, you can use a higher lofted club and a more delicate swing to keep the ball rolling on the green. Practice different techniques for different lies to find what works best for you.

3. What is the importance of using the right club for chipping around the green?

Using the right club is crucial for successful chipping around the green. A higher lofted club, such as a sand wedge or lob wedge, is typically used for shots close to the green, while a lower lofted club, such as a gap wedge or approach shot, can be used for longer shots. Using the right club for the distance and type of shot will help you control the ball’s trajectory and stop it close to the hole.

4. How can I improve my accuracy when chipping around the green?

Improving your accuracy when chipping around the green requires practice and focus. One key tip is to use a target-oriented approach, selecting a specific spot on the green to aim for. Another important factor is your body position and swing technique. Make sure to keep your head still and your eyes on the target, and avoid making any excessive movements during the swing. Finally, pay attention to your setup, making sure your feet, hips, and shoulders are all aligned in the right direction.

5. What are some common mistakes to avoid when chipping around the green?

Common mistakes to avoid when chipping around the green include using too much force, making an incorrect swing plane, and not paying attention to your body position. Another mistake is using too much hand action, which can lead to thin shots that don’t travel far. Instead, focus on using your legs and core to power the swing, and keep your hands and arms relaxed. Additionally, be mindful of your pre-shot routine, and avoid any unnecessary movements or adjustments that can throw off your rhythm.

Butch Harmon Shows an Easy Way To Hit Better Chip Shots | Chipping Tips | Golf Digest

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *